Obesity Can Increase the Risk of Psoriatic Arthritis

From osteoarthritis to heart disease to diabetes, obesity is implicated in a host of diseases. A study now adds one more condition to the list: psoriatic arthritis, or PsA.

Psoriatic arthritis, an autoimmune condition, is a form of inflammatory arthritis that affects an estimated 6 to 10 percent of people with of the skin condition psoriasis and up to 40 percent of those with extensive psoriasis. It can also affect people who do not have the skin disease.

It’s been known that being overweight or obese increases a person’s chances of developing psoriasis. But a study in the Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, researchers report a link between body mass index, or BMI, and psoriatic arthritis, too.

“We’re now able to say psoriasis patients have an increased risk of psoriatic arthritis if they are heavy,” says study author Thorvardur Jon Love, MD, an assistant professor of rheumatology at Landspitali University Hospital in Reykjavik, Iceland. “The way we split them up by weight groups gives us a way to say there is a graded effect – the heavier people are, the greater the risk.”

Researchers gathered data from more than 75,000 psoriasis patients listed in a United Kingdom database between 1995 and 2010. They analyzed the BMI of patients when they were first diagnosed with psoriasis, and found that the higher the BMI, the greater the likelihood of subsequently developing PsA. Having a BMI between 25 and 29.9 increased the risk of developing PsA by nine percent, compared with someone of normal weight, with a BMI lower than 25. Obesity (BMI between 30 and 34.9) raised the risk by 22 percent, and morbid obesity (BMI of 35 or greater) by 48 percent.

“It’s a concern that the percentages are as large as they are and the risk increases as much as it does, especially when you get in the higher weight groups,” Dr. Love says.

The study also found that extra pounds increased the risk of developing psoriatic arthritis even among those who did not have psoriasis.

Researchers say the increased risk could be because fat tissue – also called adipose tissue – overproduces inflammatory cytokines (or proteins) in the body.

“If you are obese, some inflammatory markers are elevated on a daily basis,” Dr. Love explains. “Because of this elevated inflammatory state you find in obese individuals, they may be more sensitive to triggers that lead to arthritis.”

Researchers believe their findings bolster the argument that a healthy weight improves overall health.

“Patients – in particular psoriasis patients who are obese – should consider this another reason to lose weight,” Dr. Love says. “And in patients with a family history of psoriasis or psoriatic arthritis, physicians should keep in mind that weight loss could benefit [them] in this new way, in addition to other ways we already know.”

Soumya Reddy, MD, is an assistant professor of medicine in the division of rheumatology and the director of the Psoriasis and Psoriatic Program at the NYU Langone Center for Musculoskeletal Care in New York City. She says this study is interesting, but some questions remain unanswered.

“I think it’s suggestive of [a] link between obesity and psoriatic arthritis, but I don’t know if you could say you can prove causality from this study,” Dr. Reddy says. She says that’s because researchers didn’t account for the severity of a patient’s psoriasis – a variable she says could also account for the increased risk of psoriatic arthritis.

尽管如此，她说，这增加了许多原因，使达到健康的体重是重要的。知道超重会增加患银屑病关节炎的几率，可能比其他关于超重的警告更有影响。

For example, the risk of potentially debilitating joint pain and damage “impacts your daily life when they start – not theoretically 10 years from now,” Dr. Reddy says. “This could give more motivation, as opposed to the risk of heart disease somewhere down the line.”

Related Resources:

• What Is Psoriatic Arthritis?